SHORT STORY ELEMENT | WHAT IS IT? | EXAMPLE |
SETTING | IS WHERE AND WHEN THE STORY TAKES PLACE | CASTLE PAST CITY PRESENT PARK FUTURE FARM |
CHARACTERS | ARE THE PEOPLE, ANIMALS OR OTHER CREATURES IN THE STORY | HERO: the hero is often the main good character in a story, is something called the protagonist. VILLAIN: is often the main bad in the story |
PLOT | THE WAY EVENTS ARE ORDENE D TO CREATE A STORY IS CALLED THE PLOT | · INTRODUCCION · RISING ACTION · CLIMAX · FALLING ACTION · DENOUEMENT |
THEME | THE THEME MAY BE THE AUTHOR'S THOUGHTS ABOUT A TOPIC OR VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE | FICTION MAGIC ADVENTURE ROMANCE |
CONFLICT | HAPPENES WHIT CHARACTERS ARE AGAINST EACH OTHER | VILLAIN IS TRYING TO STOP THE HERO |
POINT OF VIEW | IS DEFINED AS THE ANGLE FROM WHICH THE STORY IS TOLD | THE AUTHOR TELLS THE STORY IN THE THIRD PERSON |
viernes, 17 de febrero de 2012
ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY
lunes, 6 de febrero de 2012
PASSIVE VOICE AND CONDITIONAL
PASSIVE VOICE
1. THE PASSIVE TENSE IS USED IN A SENTENCE WHEN YOU WANT PUTS THE OBJECT OR RECEIVER OF THE ACTION TO THE SUBJECT POSITION.
2. WHEN DO WE USE THE PASSIVE VOICE?
INTRANSITIVE:
There is no object and no action is transferred or moved
TRANSITIVE:
The action is transferred or move from de subject to the object
THE PERSON WHO DID THE ACTION IS UNKNOW
IT IS NOT IMPORTANT WHO DID THE ACTION
IT IS OBVIOUS WHO DID THE ACTION
SOMEONE IS TRYINGTO HIDE WHO DID IT
3. THE STRUCTURE TO USE THE PASSIVE VOICE IN THE
present tense is OBJECT+TO BE (PRESENT)+PAST PARTICIPLE+(BY + SUBJECT)* *If needed.
PAST TENSE is OBJECT+TO BE (PAST) + PASTC PARTICIPLE + BY + SUBJECT)* *If needed.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE is iOBJECT+TO BE (PAST)+ BEING +PAST PARTICIPLE + BY + SUBJECT)* *If needed.
Present simple
2. The window is opened.
3. The shoes are bought.
4. The car is washed.
5. The litter is thrown away.
6. The letter is sent.
7. The book is not read.
8. The songs are not sung.
9. The food is not eaten.
10. The shop is not closed.
Past simple
1. The test was written.
2. The table was set.
3. The cat was fed.
4. The lights were switched on.
5. The house was built.
6. Dinner was served.
7. This computer was not sold.
8. The car was not stopped.
9. The tables were not cleaned.
10. The children were not picked up.
CONDITIONALS
1. Which tenses are used in the firs conditionals? Write an example about it.
Ø SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE FUTURE
EX: - as soon as I finish this project, I will go to de bank.
-I will call frank when I get home
2. What is the characteristic of the first conditional
Ø WE USE THE FIRST CONDITIONAL WHEN EXPRESS A REAL OR POSSIBLE SITUATION
3. Which tenses are used in the second conditional? Write an example about it.
We use the second conditional when we are talking about improbable or unreal situations.
Ø (Simple Past + (Would/ Could/ Should/ Might) + Base Verb.)
EX: if I were superman I would save the planet
4. The pronoun I comes with the verb to be in the second conditional in which form?
Ø We can’t use comes in the second conditional, because the function of the S in the verb it’s replaced for the modal verb.
5. In third conditional we use the past about something or hypothetical situation that didn’t happen.
domingo, 5 de febrero de 2012
Learning about my English Level
QUESTION YOU GOT WRONG | LANGUAGE ITEM | MY MISTAKE CORRECTION | REFLECTION |
6) How …… are you? | ADJETIVES | HOW HEAVY ARE YOU? HOW WIDE ARE YOU? | Because if we ask HOW LONG ARE YOU? It’s wrong, because HOW LONG, means about a distance in the time and in the question are talking about an adjective. |
10) He hasn’t played since he ……… the accident. | PRESENT PERFECT | HE HASN´T PLAYED SINCE HE HAD THE ACCCIDENT HE HASN´T PLAYED SINCE HE HAS THE ACCCIDENT | YOU USE HAS WHEN THE PRONOUM IS INTHIRD PERSON AND HAD WHEN THE VERD HAVE IS IN PAST SIMPLE |
16) She knows that she ……… to pay now. | PRESENT SIMPLE | SHE KNOWS THAT SHE OUGHT TO PAY NOW SHE KNOWS THAT SHE SHOULD TO PAY NOW | A MODAL VERB IS A TYPE OF AUXILIARY VERB THAT IS USED TO INDICATE MODALITY -- THAT IS, LIKELIHOOD, ABILITY, PERMISSION, AND OBLIGATION |
20) They were ……… hard questions that I had no chance. | PRESENT PERFECT-QUANTIFIRES | THEY WERE SUCH HARD QUESTIONS THAT I HAD NO CHANCE THEY WERE SOME HARD QUESTIONS THAT I HAD NO CHANCE | A QUANTIFIER, AS ITS NAME IMPLIES, EXPRESSES QUANTITY. QUANTIFIERS CAN BE A SINGLE WORD OR APHRASE AND ARE USED WITH NOUNS. THEY CAN BE USED WITH BOTH A COUNTABLE AND AN UNCOUNTABLE NOUN TO EXPRESS AMOUNT OR QUANTITY. |
24) You have a terrible fever! ……… call a doctor? | SIMPLE PRESENT- MODAL VERB | YOU HAVE A TERRIBLE FEVER! SHALL I CALL A DOCTOR? YOU HAVE A TERRIBLE FEVER! MUST I CALL A DOCTOR? | WHEN YOU USE A MODAL VERB YOU CAN USE THAT FOR A POSIBILITY SITUATION |
30) Magda knows a lot about badgers, but she ……… a live one | PRESENT PERFECT | MAGDA KNOWS A LOT ABOUT BADGERS, BUT SHE HASN'T EVER SEEN A LIVE ONE MAGDA KNOWS A LOT ABOUT BADGERS, BUT SHE DIDN'T EVER SEE SEEN A LIVE ONE | |
32) The loudspeakers won't work unless you …… those cables. | First Conditional | · The loudspeakers won't work unless you don’t connect those cables · The loudspeakers won't work unless you connect those cables | Because UNLESS is a negation and it’s wrong when I deny two times in the same sentence. |
40) What about …… for a walk? | Present Progressive | · What about go for a walk? · What about going for a walk? | Because in present progressive the verb always are with ING. |
41) I made one or two mistakes, but …… of my answers were correct. | Comparative and Superlative | · I made one or two mistakes, but more of my answers were · I made one or two mistakes, but most of my answers were | When I use MORE is when I compare something with specific thing, but When I use MOST is when I want to emphasize something in a group of things. |
54) He's a friend of ……. | Possessive Adjective | · He's a friend of them · He's a friend of their | Because in this situation are talking about a friend possessive for a group. |
58) Is …… than his father? | Comparative Adjective | · Is Matt more tall than his father? · Is Matt taller than his father? | When we compare an adjective we only add ER to the adjective. |
59) She was 29 on her birthday …… she? | Question Tags | · She was 29 on her birthday hasn’t she? · She was 29 on her birthday wasn’t she? | In question tags we only make the question with the tense that are using in the sentence and after that use the subject to make it. |
62) The doctor has told her that she must give …… drinking. | Phrasal Verbs | · The doctor has told her that she must give to drinking. · The doctor has told her that she must give up drinking. | Because the doctor said that she needs to leave the beer and the rest of alcoholic drinks and the Phrasal Verb that means that is GIVE UP. |
63) There was a lot of noise so I didn't understand what she was ……. | Past Progressive | · There was a lot of noise so I didn't understand what she was telling · There was a lot of noise so I didn't understand what she was saying | In the context the best verb that we can use is SAYING because that means something that the other person are saying to us about a relative situation and TELLING It’s when the other person are saying something about an specific situation |
64) I …… drink beer than wine. a) would like more | Simple Present Comparative | · I prefer drink beer than wine. · I would rather drink beer than wine. | |
65) I gave her …… earrings for Christmas. | Simple Past | · I gave her a set of earrings for Christmas. · I gave her a pair of earrings for Christmas. | Because when I say earrings I’m telling that are two and if am I say a pair of earrings I’m making a redundancy. |
66) Would you like some more tea? There's still …… left. | Adverb Quantifiers | · Would you like some more tea? There's still a few left. · Would you like some more tea? There's still a little left. | Because we use FEW only after a plural sentence and it’s for numbers but we can use LITTLE in a singular sentence and it use for amounts |
72) We have …… for a receptionist but haven't appointed anyone yet. | Present Perfect Simple | · We have announced for a receptionist but haven't appointed anyone yet. · We have advertised for a receptionist but haven't appointed anyone yet. | In the context the mean ANNOUNCE is when are telling something to a group, but when tell ADVERTISED is when one person say to other person that somebody or something has been arrive. |
73) She's very beautiful but that kind of woman doesn't …… to me. | Simple Present | · She's very beautiful but that kind of woman doesn't attract to me. · She's very beautiful but that kind of woman doesn't appeal to me. | When we talk about attract is the force like a magnet, but when we talk about APPEAL we are saying about the feeling to the other person. |
75) "I'm going to the cinema on Saturday." "So ……" | Present Progressive | · "I'm going to the cinema on Saturday." "So I do” · "I'm going to the cinema on Saturday." "So am I" | Because he are telling that he are in this moment in the cinema, not that he will be there. |
77) They had to leave the flat because they couldn't pay the …… | Past Perfect | · They had to leave the flat because they couldn't pay the fare · They had to leave the flat because they couldn't pay the rent | Because in this case are talking about an apartment that they couldn’t pay the monthly payment. |
79) The book shop rang …… that the dictionary you ordered has arrived. | Simple Past Present Perfect Simple | · The book shop rang to tell that the dictionary you ordered has arrived. · The book shop rang to say that the dictionary you ordered has arrived. | In the context the best verb that we can use is SAY because It’s when the other person are saying something about an specific situation and TELL that means something that the other person are saying to us about a relative situation |
81) Maria has two sisters, but she doesn't speak to …… of them. | Adjective Pronouns | · Maria has two sisters, but she doesn't speak to neither of them. · Maria has two sisters, but she doesn't speak to either of them. | Because in the sentences have a negative part and if we use NEITHER we are making a redundancy and for this reason it’s better to use EITHER |
82) Hubert is an uncle of …… | Possessive | · Hubert is an uncle of Kim · Hubert is an uncle of Kim’s | Because there are telling the uncle of Kim’s Hubert and for this reason we need to put the ‘s |
85) Have you found a job ……? | Present Perfect Simple Time Adverbs | · Have you found a job soon? · Have you found a job yet? | Because they are talking about if in the laps of time he has found a job. It’s not a suggestion. |
88) Do you think I should move to Ireland? You shouldn't do anything …… you think it's the right thing to do. | First Conditional | · Do you think I should move to Ireland? You shouldn't do anything if you think it's the right thing to do. · Do you think I should move to Ireland? You shouldn't do anything unless you think it's the right thing to do. | Because they are trying to say that if he is not sure, he needs to think about it well. |
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